{"id":355,"date":"2015-01-18T12:45:53","date_gmt":"2015-01-18T02:45:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.graemestrang.com\/?page_id=355"},"modified":"2025-03-31T12:47:46","modified_gmt":"2025-03-31T01:47:46","slug":"voting-theory","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.graemestrang.com\/?page_id=355","title":{"rendered":"Legalistic Edwina"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prelude  <\/strong>–  <\/strong>Earthly  Awakening<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The correct voting method for determining the preferred election candidate has
been revealed by the Federal Electorate of Cook during 2010 and 2013 thereby
creating Legalistic Edwina the practical companion of Philosophical Edwina<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is termed the  Natural  Law  of  Elections –  see Election Petition 2013   part B<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regality  <\/strong>–  <\/strong>Earthly  Divinity<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Law is a phenomenon arising from possibility expressed by limitation and doth form the hidden symbolism of the  Scales of Justice  –  the balance of possibility and limitation  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The weighing of evidence connotation for the  Scales of Justice does serve as a diversion<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wisdom  <\/strong>– <\/strong> Earthly  Enlightenment<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This earthly realm is one of free will and free choice providing that the exertion of such
causes no physical harm to others or their immediate personal property<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Law both natural and man made does exist to ensure that the aforestated is so<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Axiom  <\/strong>– <\/strong> Earthly  Lore<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No man made  artificial \/ human  law is binding without consent both collectively and
individually and this forms the fundamental and foundation basis of all such law<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Consent must not be obtained by threat or use of damaging physical force<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paradox  <\/strong>–  Earthly  Dilemna \/ Dilemma<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Consent both collective or individual for binding enforceable law may be legally
obtained through trickery and deception and physical harm could result<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However trickery and deception are both unethical practices not withstanding<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manifestation  <\/strong>– <\/strong> Earthly  Awareness<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ones birth  time \/ date \/ place  forms the channel for the natural law while
ones registered or known name forms the channel for the man made law .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Modus  Operandi  <\/strong>– <\/strong> Earthly  Limitation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dictatorial subjugation or the electoral vote and the associative process and procedure does represent the collective surrender and transfer of sovereign individual legal power and has been historically symbolised and depicted as physical human sacrifice<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The remainder of Legalistic Edwina will now be devoted to word and fact familiarisation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THE  PHRASAL  VERB <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This phenomenon will arise when a verb is followed by a word that normally should be used as a preposition which shall create an independent meaning that doth use two words instead of a correct single verb . Prepositions should be placed before object words and if the misplacement does continue the language itself may eventually lose many words through disuse . The foundation phenomenon will create associated phenomena but the underlying cause does represent backward thought which is characteristic of any general language regression and decay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Note  – the single correct replacement verb and conjugation will depend upon the context<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

aware  of  –  sense<\/p>\n\n\n\n

boot  up  \/  computer  –  sequencing  or  sequentising<\/p>\n\n\n\n

breaking  down  \/  machine  or vehicle  –  malfunctioning<\/p>\n\n\n\n

broke  up  \/  relationship  –  disengaged  or  decoupled  or  parted<\/p>\n\n\n\n

broken  up  \/  a category  –  divided  or  reorganised<\/p>\n\n\n\n

broken  up  \/  person  –  distraught<\/p>\n\n\n\n

call  back  \/  phone  –  recontact<\/p>\n\n\n\n

call  back  \/  personally  –  revisit<\/p>\n\n\n\n

called  on  \/  advice or opinion  –  sought<\/p>\n\n\n\n

came  across  \/ an  object  –  encountered  or  found<\/p>\n\n\n\n

came  across  \/  an  impression  \/  appeared<\/p>\n\n\n\n

catch  up \/  friendship  \/  reacquaint<\/p>\n\n\n\n

check  out  \/  investigate  or  examine  or  inspect  or  view<\/p>\n\n\n\n

cheer  up  \/  rejoice<\/p>\n\n\n\n

come  back  \/  return<\/p>\n\n\n\n

cut  out  –  a section  \/  remove  or  eliminate  or  extract<\/p>\n\n\n\n

cut  out  –  machine  \/  stopped<\/p>\n\n\n\n

deal  with  \/  tolerate  or  contend<\/p>\n\n\n\n

dispensed  with  \/  waive<\/p>\n\n\n\n

drop  off  \/  deliver<\/p>\n\n\n\n

drop off <\/kbd>– <\/kbd>sleep \/  dozed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

falling  apart  –  person  \/  distraught<\/p>\n\n\n\n

falling  apart  –  object  \/  deteriorating<\/p>\n\n\n\n

fell  apart  –  object  \/  crumbled  or  disintegrated  or  fragmented<\/p>\n\n\n\n

figured  out  \/  ascertained  or  determined  or  deciphered<\/p>\n\n\n\n

find  out  \/  discover<\/p>\n\n\n\n

filled  in  –  employment  staff  \/  replaced  or  relieved<\/p>\n\n\n\n

get  by  \/  survive  or  manage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

get  off  –  a train or bus and coach or wagon  \/  alight<\/p>\n\n\n\n

get  off  –  a ridden horse  \/  dismount<\/p>\n\n\n\n

get  off  –  a ship or aeroplane or spacecraft  \/  disembark<\/p>\n\n\n\n

get  off  –  a pleasant activity  \/  enjoy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

get  ready  \/  prepare<\/p>\n\n\n\n

get  through  \/  access  or  negotiate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

give  up  \/  concede  or  surrender  or  cease<\/p>\n\n\n\n

go  through  \/  penetrate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

go  to  \/  visit  or  attend<\/p>\n\n\n\n

go  on –  conversation  \/  continue<\/p>\n\n\n\n

go  across  –  a  specified area  \/  traverse<\/p>\n\n\n\n

going  out  –  specific  place  \/  visiting  or  attending<\/p>\n\n\n\n

going  out  –  undetermined destination  \/  roving  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

going  out  –  personal interaction  \/  socialising<\/p>\n\n\n\n

grew  up  –  child  or  person  \/  matured<\/p>\n\n\n\n

hang  out  –  general  \/  linger<\/p>\n\n\n\n

hang  out  –  specific <\/kbd>\/ <\/kbd>frequent  or  patronise<\/p>\n\n\n\n

have  to  \/  must<\/p>\n\n\n\n

hold  off  \/  delay  or  defer<\/p>\n\n\n\n

join  in  \/  contribute<\/p>\n\n\n\n

keep  away  \/  avoid<\/p>\n\n\n\n

knocked  back  \/  rejected  or  refused    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

left  out  \/  omitted  or  excluded<\/p>\n\n\n\n

look  at <\/kbd>\/ <\/kbd>view  or  examine<\/p>\n\n\n\n

look  after  \/  supervise  or  protect  or  guard  or  mind  or  watch<\/p>\n\n\n\n

look  out  \/  heed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

make  up <\/kbd>\/ <\/kbd>fabricate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

move  in  \/  resettle<\/p>\n\n\n\n

move  out  \/  relocate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

need  to  \/  must  or  should  or  could<\/p>\n\n\n\n

off  to  \/  bound  or  destined<\/p>\n\n\n\n

paid  off  \/  succeeded<\/p>\n\n\n\n

pass  on <\/kbd>\/ <\/kbd>convey  or  send<\/p>\n\n\n\n

passed  up  \/<\/strong>  opportunity  \/  rejected<\/p>\n\n\n\n

pay  out  –  personal  \/  retaliate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

pick  up  –  loose  objects  \/  gather<\/p>\n\n\n\n

pick  up  –  specific  objects  and  people  \/  collect<\/p>\n\n\n\n

plug  in  –  device  \/  connect<\/p>\n\n\n\n

plugged  in  –  person  \/  informed  or  attuned<\/p>\n\n\n\n

push back  –  deferral  or  opposition<\/p>\n\n\n\n

put  away  –  object  \/  store<\/p>\n\n\n\n

put  down  –  person  \/  patronise  or  denigrate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

see  through  –  an  activity  \/  complete<\/p>\n\n\n\n

see  through  –  a misrepresentation <\/kbd>\/ <\/kbd>discern<\/p>\n\n\n\n

shape up  \/  suitability<\/p>\n\n\n\n

sink  in  \/  resonate  or  permeate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

stay  away  \/  avoid<\/p>\n\n\n\n

switch  off  –  a  light  \/  kill<\/p>\n\n\n\n

switch  off  –  a  device  \/  deactivate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

switched  on  –  a  person  \/  enlightened<\/p>\n\n\n\n

talk  about  \/  discuss<\/p>\n\n\n\n

take  after  \/  resemble<\/p>\n\n\n\n

take  out  –  personal  \/ date  or  escort<\/p>\n\n\n\n

think  about  \/  consider<\/p>\n\n\n\n

think  of  –  a memory  \/  remember  or  recall<\/p>\n\n\n\n

thought out  \/  considered  or  discussed  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

try  on  –  clothing  \/  sample  or  size<\/p>\n\n\n\n

turn  on  –  a  light  \/  kindle  or  luminate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

turn  on  –  a  device  \/  activate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

turn  on  –  sexually  \/  arousing  or  exciting  or  stimulating<\/p>\n\n\n\n

turns  out  –  an  occurrence  \/  transpired<\/p>\n\n\n\n

up  to  –  activity  \/  undertaking<\/p>\n\n\n\n

wake  up  –  awareness  \/  think  or  consider  or  reason<\/p>\n\n\n\n

wake  up  –  sleep  only  \/  awake<\/p>\n\n\n\n

wake  up  –  sleep  and  rest  \/  arise<\/p>\n\n\n\n

walk  on  \/  continue<\/p>\n\n\n\n

woke  up  –  sleep  only  \/  awoke<\/p>\n\n\n\n

woke  up  –  sleep  and  rest  \/  arose<\/p>\n\n\n\n

working  around  \/  circumnavigating  or  circumventing<\/p>\n\n\n\n

working  through  \/  evaluating  or  assessing  or  examining<\/p>\n\n\n\n

work  out <\/kbd>\/ <\/kbd>determine  or  ascertain  or  decipher  or  calculate <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Note <\/kbd>– <\/kbd>Omission  will form  false  phrasal  verbs<\/em>  hence <\/kbd>. . . . . . <\/p>\n\n\n\n

. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c He  log<\/em>ged  his details on<\/em>to the computer \u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

becomes  \/  log  on<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c He entered the house by break<\/em>ing in<\/em>ward the glass panel of the door \u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

becomes  \/ break  in<\/em>  – a phrasal verb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

and also obtains  \/  housebreaking<\/em>  –  <\/strong>a noun or adjective or verb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

and the legal term  \/  break  and  enter<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Note  –  needless addition by extension of the original omitted usage
will form false phrasal verbs hence <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c <\/kbd>shop<\/em> <\/kbd>around<\/em> <\/kbd>\u201d <\/kbd>should remain the single word shop as the nature of the activity does involve seeking in many places and locations but it was originally derived from the bygone era of the corner store which has now been superseded by the shopping centre or complex<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I shall fetch some milk from the  shop around<\/em>  the corner<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c hurry  up<\/em> \u201d    should remain the single word  hurry<\/em>  as the nature of the command does involve increasing the unstated actions rate of performance but it was originally derived by omission from the bygone era of an overt class structured society which has now been superseded by a covert class structured society under the illusory guise of \u201c equal opportunity<\/em> \u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Hurry up<\/em>stairs \u201d commanded the mistress from her bedroom on the upper level of the manor house to her servant girl located in the servants quarters on the ground level .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Note  –  if subjected to the above misused term refute the servant label or inference<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

tidy  up<\/em>  <\/strong>\/ pack  up <\/em> represent other common false phrasal verbs of this nature<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The  Phrasal  Verb <\/strong> –  with  more  than  two  words <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

come  up  with  \/  create  or  invent  or  devise  or  suggest  or  propose<\/p>\n\n\n\n

get  rid  of  \/ eradicate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

made  fun  of  \/  ridiculed  or derided  or  mocked  or  patronise<\/p>\n\n\n\n

on the table  \/  publicised<\/p>\n\n\n\n

put  up  with  \/  tolerate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ran  out  of  \/  exhausted  or  depleted<\/p>\n\n\n\n

walk  on  by  \/ <\/kbd>pass  or  ignore<\/p>\n\n\n\n

went  out  with  \/  accompanied  or  dated  or  escorted<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THE  FALSE  PHRASAL <\/strong> VERB <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The phrasal verb will arise when two or more words replace a single correct word and function independently and possess the same meaning as that single correct word while omission or needless addition sometimes creates a  false  phrasal  verb<\/em>  and such cannot be replaced by a single word or another single word <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THE  PHRASAL  ADVERB  –<\/strong>  officially unrecognised as a separate category<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

at  the  end  of  the  day  \/  ultimately<\/p>\n\n\n\n

every  now  and  again  \/  occasionally<\/p>\n\n\n\n

once  in  a  while  \/  infrequently<\/p>\n\n\n\n

once  in  a  blue  moon  \/  rarely<\/p>\n\n\n\n

by  the  way  \/  incidentally<\/p>\n\n\n\n

used  to  \/  once<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Note  –  these list and the responses merely identify and illustrate  phenomena or trends   and should not be deemed comprehensive nor definitive but only a personal selection<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THE  MISSING  VERB  SYNDROME <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The word ” is<\/em>” may perform grammatically as an independent verb or an auxiliary verb but its classification  will depend upon whether a verb has been inadvertently omitted or excluded . The following examples will illustrate this particular trend or phenomenon .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” This  is<\/em> Creek Street . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

more correctly or fully expressed  becomes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” This section of roadway  is named<\/em> Creek Street . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” The object  is<\/em>  a table . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

more correctly or fully expressed becomes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” The object here with the four protrusions  is called<\/em>  a table . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” He  is<\/em>  dead .”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

more correctly or fully expressed becomes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” He  is<\/em>  now  termed<\/em>  dead . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” That  is<\/em>  an igneous rock . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

more correctly or fully expressed becomes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” That rock  is classified<\/em>  igneous . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” That book  is<\/em>  a spy thriller . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

more correctly or fully expressed becomes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” That book is<\/em> categorised<\/em>   a fictional spy thriller . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” The ant  is<\/em>  an insect . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

more correctly or fully expressed becomes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” The ant  is classed<\/em>  as an insect . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” Our home  is<\/em>  in Hurstville . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

more correctly or fully expressed becomes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” Our home  is located<\/em> within the suburb of Hurstville . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” The beach <\/kbd>is<\/em> <\/kbd>between the two rivers . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

more correctly or fully expressed becomes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” The beach <\/kbd>is situated<\/em> <\/kbd>on the east coastline between the two river heads . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” The long distance runner  is<\/em>towards the front of the field . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

more correctly or fully expressed becomes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” The long distance runner  is positioned<\/em>  towards the front of the field . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” A complement of ten workers <\/kbd>is<\/em> <\/kbd>the minimum requirement . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

more correctly or fully expressed becomes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” A complement of ten workers  is deemed  <\/em>the minimum legal requirement . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” English  is<\/em>  both a clever language and the end language . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

more correctly or fully expressed becomes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” English  is considered<\/em>  both a clever language and the end language . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En<\/em> <\/strong>d glish<\/em>  –<\/strong>  ” glish<\/em> ” represents an archaic word meaning language<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In grammatical reality the word  ”  is<\/em>  ”  should mainly be used as an <\/kbd>auxiliary  verb<\/em> <\/kbd>for there will mostly exis<\/strong>t a hidden verb used as qualification of  ”  is<\/em>” or a word or sentence rearrangement that will replace the use and function of  ”  is<\/em> “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THE  PLURAL  VERB   MANIA <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A verb may only be made plural by a preceding auxiliary however a disturbing trend has arisen whereby the  full verb is being written as a ” s<\/em> ” plural . This misusage does occur by an omission of the preceding auxiliary .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” The introduction of unnecessary restriction  makes<\/em>  life difficult . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

more correctly expressed will become<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” The introduction of unnecessary restriction  will make<\/em> life difficult . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THE  DOUBLE  SHUFFLE <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This now current phenomenon occurs when an action is either unnecessarily prefaced by the implied element of such action or an action is unnecessarily expressed using two full verbs instead of a single verb thereby needlessly creating phrasal verbs .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” I will  attempt to<\/em>solve the problem . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

better expressed will become either<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” I will be  solving<\/em> the problem . ”  –  with the  attempt<\/em> element implied<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” I will  attempt<\/em> a solution of the problem . ”  –  with the  attempt<\/em> element expressed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” I  intend to<\/em><\/strong>  visit the library later today . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

better expressed will become either<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” I  may<\/em>  visit the library later today . ”  –  with the intend<\/em> element implied<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” I  could be<\/em>  visiting the library later today . ”  –  with the  intend<\/em> element implied<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” I  should be<\/em>  visiting the library later today . ”  –  with the  intend<\/em> element implied<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” I  will<\/em> visit the library later today . ”  –  with the intend<\/em>element implied<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” I  will be<\/em> visiting the library later today . ”  –  with the  intend<\/em> element implied<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” I intend<\/em> a library visitation later today . ”  –  with the  intend<\/em>  element expressed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

want to <\/em> \/  like to  <\/em>\/  wish to<\/em>  –<\/strong>  lie in the same category and should likewise be avoided<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Note –  using two full verbs for a single action doth represent a contradiction<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THE  OPPOSITE  SHUFFLE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This phenomenon will arise when a negative opposite is used rather than the direct word .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Don’t forget<\/em> your bag . \u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

better expressed will become <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Remember<\/em> your bag . \u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

and fully expressd would become  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Remember ( to ) take your bag . \u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

but that would consequently form a  double shuffle<\/em>  so the implied verb is omitted
with the pre-emptive exclamation becoming the verb .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THE  PHRASAL  VERB <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This phenomenon should not exist as it initially arose when a verb was followed by
a word normally used as a preposition creating an independent meaning using two
words instead of a correct single verb . Prepositions are grammatically placed before object words and if the misplacement continues the language itself may eventually
lose many words through disuse . The foundation phenomenon creates associated phenomena but the underlying cause represents backward thought indicative of a
general language regression and decay .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Note <\/kbd>– <\/kbd>the single correct replacement verb and conjugation
                     will depend upon the context of the message<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

aware  of  –  sense<\/p>\n\n\n\n

boot  up  \/  computer  –  sequencing  or  sequentising<\/p>\n\n\n\n

breaking  down  \/  machine  or vehicle  –  malfunctioning<\/p>\n\n\n\n

broke  up  \/  relationship  –  disengaged  or  decoupled  or  parted<\/p>\n\n\n\n

broken  up  \/  a category  –  divided  or  reorganised<\/p>\n\n\n\n

broken  up  \/  person  –  distraught<\/p>\n\n\n\n

call  back  \/  phone  –  recontact<\/p>\n\n\n\n

call  back  \/  personally  –  revisit<\/p>\n\n\n\n

called  on  \/  advice or opinion  –  sought<\/p>\n\n\n\n

came  across  \/  an  object  –  encountered  or  found<\/p>\n\n\n\n

came  across  \/  an  impression  \/  appeared<\/p>\n\n\n\n

catch  up \/  friendship  \/  reacquaint<\/p>\n\n\n\n

check  out  \/  investigate  or  examine  or  inspect  or  view<\/p>\n\n\n\n

cheer  up  \/  rejoice<\/p>\n\n\n\n

come  back  \/  return<\/p>\n\n\n\n

cut  out  –  a section  \/  remove  or  eliminate  or  extract<\/p>\n\n\n\n

cut  out  –  machine  \/  stopped<\/p>\n\n\n\n

deal  with  \/  tolerate  or  contend<\/p>\n\n\n\n

dispensed  with  \/  waive<\/p>\n\n\n\n

drop  off  \/  deliver<\/p>\n\n\n\n

drop off  \/  sleep \/  dozed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

falling  apart  –  person  \/  distraught<\/p>\n\n\n\n

falling  apart  –  object  \/  deteriorating<\/p>\n\n\n\n

fell  apart  –  object  \/  crumbled  or  disintegrated  or  fragmented<\/p>\n\n\n\n

figured  out  \/  ascertained  or  determined  or  deciphered<\/p>\n\n\n\n

find  out  \/  discover<\/p>\n\n\n\n

filled  in  –  employment  staff  \/  replaced  or  relieved<\/p>\n\n\n\n

get  by  \/  survive  or  manage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

get  off  –  a train or bus and coach or wagon  \/  alight<\/p>\n\n\n\n

get  off  –  a ridden horse  \/  dismount<\/p>\n\n\n\n

get  off  –  a ship or aeroplane or spacecraft  \/  disembark<\/p>\n\n\n\n

get  off  –  a pleasant activity  \/  enjoy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

get  ready  \/  prepare<\/p>\n\n\n\n

get  through  \/  access  or  negotiate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

give  up  \/  concede  or  surrender  or  cease<\/p>\n\n\n\n

go  through  \/  penetrate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

go  to  \/  visit  or  attend<\/p>\n\n\n\n

go  on –  conversation  \/  continue<\/p>\n\n\n\n

go  across  –  a  specified area  \/  traverse<\/p>\n\n\n\n

going  out  –  specific  place  \/  visiting  or  attending<\/p>\n\n\n\n

going  out  –  undetermined destination  \/  roving  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

going  out  –  personal interaction  \/  socialising<\/p>\n\n\n\n

grew  up  –  child  or  person  \/  matured<\/p>\n\n\n\n

hang  out  –  general  \/  linger<\/p>\n\n\n\n

hang  out  –  specific  \/frequent  or  patronise<\/p>\n\n\n\n

have  to  \/  must<\/p>\n\n\n\n

hold  off  \/  delay  or  defer<\/p>\n\n\n\n

join  in  \/  contribute<\/p>\n\n\n\n

keep  away  \/  avoid<\/p>\n\n\n\n

knocked  back  \/  rejected  or  refused    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

left  out  \/  omitted  or  excluded<\/p>\n\n\n\n

look  at  \/ view  or  examine<\/p>\n\n\n\n

look  after  \/  supervise  or  protect  or  guard  or  mind  or  watch<\/p>\n\n\n\n

look into  \/  investigate  or  examine<\/p>\n\n\n\n

look  out  \/  heed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

make  up  \/ fabricate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

move  in  \/  resettle<\/p>\n\n\n\n

move  out  \/  relocate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

need  to  \/  must  or  should  or  could<\/p>\n\n\n\n

off  to  \/  bound  or  destined<\/p>\n\n\n\n

paid  off  \/  succeeded<\/p>\n\n\n\n

pass  on  \/ convey  or  send<\/p>\n\n\n\n

passed  up  \/<\/strong>  opportunity  \/  rejected<\/p>\n\n\n\n

pay  out  –  personal  \/  retaliate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

pick  up  –  loose  objects  \/  gather<\/p>\n\n\n\n

pick  up  –  specific  objects  and  people  \/  collect<\/p>\n\n\n\n

plug  in  –  device  \/  connect<\/p>\n\n\n\n

plugged  in  –  person  \/  informed  or  attuned<\/p>\n\n\n\n

put  away  –  object  \/  store<\/p>\n\n\n\n

put  down  –  person  \/  patronise  or  denigrate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

put off  –  an activity  \/  defer<\/p>\n\n\n\n

see  through  –  an  activity  \/  complete<\/p>\n\n\n\n

see  through  –  a misrepresentation  \/discern<\/p>\n\n\n\n

sink  in  \/  resonate  or  permeate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

stay  away  \/  avoid<\/p>\n\n\n\n

switch  off  –  a  light  \/  kill<\/p>\n\n\n\n

switch  off  –  a  device  \/  deactivate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

switched  on  –  a  person  \/  enlightened<\/p>\n\n\n\n

talk  about  \/  discuss<\/p>\n\n\n\n

take  after  \/  resemble<\/p>\n\n\n\n

take  out  –  personal  \/ date  or  escort<\/p>\n\n\n\n

think  about  \/  consider<\/p>\n\n\n\n

think  of  –  a memory  \/  remember  or  recall<\/p>\n\n\n\n

try  on  –  clothing  \/  sample  or  size<\/p>\n\n\n\n

turn  on  –  a  light  \/  kindle  or  luminate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

turn  on  –  a  device  \/  activate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

turn  on  –  sexually  \/  arousing  or  exciting  or  stimulating<\/p>\n\n\n\n

turns  out  –  an  occurrence  \/  transpired<\/p>\n\n\n\n

up  to  –  activity  \/  undertaking<\/p>\n\n\n\n

wake  up  –  awareness  \/  think  or  consider  or  reason<\/p>\n\n\n\n

wake  up  –  sleep  only  \/  awake<\/p>\n\n\n\n

wake  up  –  sleep  and  rest  \/  arise<\/p>\n\n\n\n

walk  on  \/  continue<\/p>\n\n\n\n

woke  up  –  sleep  only  \/  awoke<\/p>\n\n\n\n

woke  up  –  sleep  and  rest  \/  arose<\/p>\n\n\n\n

working  around  \/  circumnavigating  or  circumventing<\/p>\n\n\n\n

working  through  \/  evaluating  or  assessing  or  examining<\/p>\n\n\n\n

work  out  \/determine  or  ascertain  or  decipher  or  calculate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Note-  Omission  will form  false  phrasal  verbs<\/em>  hence ……<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” He  log<\/em>ged  his details on<\/em>to the computer “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

becomes  \/  log  on<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

” He entered the house by break<\/em>ing in<\/em>ward the glass panel of the door “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

becomes  \/ break  in<\/em>  – a phrasal verb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

and also obtains  \/  housebreaking<\/em>  –  <\/strong>a noun or adjective or verb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

and the legal term  \/  break  and  enter<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Note  –  needless addition by extension of the original omitted usage
will form false phrasal verbs hence<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” shop  around<\/em> ”    should remain the single word  shop<\/em>as the nature of the
activity involves seeking in many places and locations but it was originally derived
by omission from a bygone era of the corner store now predominantly s uperseded
by the shopping centre or complex<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I shall fetch some milk from the  shop around<\/em>  the corner<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” hurry  up<\/em> ”    should remain the single word  hurry<\/em>  as the nature of the command
involves increasing the unstated actions rate of performance but it was originally derived by omission from a bygone era of overt class structured society now predominantly superseded by a covert class structured society under the illusory guise of ” equal opportunity<\/em> “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” Hurry up<\/em>stairs ” commanded the mistress from her bedroom on the upper level of the manor house to her servant girl located in the servants quarters on the ground level .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Note  –  if subjected to the above misused term refute the servant label or inference<\/p>\n\n\n\n

tidy  up<\/em>  \/  pack  up <\/em> represent other common false phrasal verbs of this nature<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The  Phrasal  Verb <\/strong> –  with  more  than  two  words<\/p>\n\n\n\n

come  up  with  \/  create  or  invent  or  devise  or  suggest  or  propose<\/p>\n\n\n\n

get  rid  of  \/  eradicate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ran  out  of  \/  exhausted  or  depleted<\/p>\n\n\n\n

put  up  with  \/  tolerate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

made  fun  of  \/  ridiculed  or derided  or  mocked  or  patronise<\/p>\n\n\n\n

walk  on  by  \/  pass  or  ignore<\/p>\n\n\n\n

went  out  with  \/  accompanied  or  dated  or  escorted<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THE  FALSE  PHRASAL <\/strong> VERB <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The phrasal verb will arise when two or more words replace a single correct word and function independently and possess the same meaning as that single correct word while omission or needless addition sometimes creates a  false  phrasal  verb<\/em>  and such cannot be replaced by a single word or another single word <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THE  PHRASAL  ADVERB  –<\/strong>  officially unrecognised as a separate category<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

at  the  end  of  the  day  \/  ultimately<\/p>\n\n\n\n

every  now  and  again  \/  occasionally<\/p>\n\n\n\n

once  in  a  while  \/  infrequently<\/p>\n\n\n\n

once  in  a  blue  moon  \/  rarely<\/p>\n\n\n\n

by  the  way  \/  incidentally<\/p>\n\n\n\n

used  to  \/  once <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Note  –  these list and the responses merely identify and illustrate  phenomena or trends   and should not be deemed comprehensive nor definitive but only a personal selection<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THE  MISSING  VERB  SYNDROME <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The word ” is<\/em>” may perform grammatically as an independent verb or an auxiliary verb but its classification  will depend upon whether a verb has been inadvertently excluded or omitted . The following examples will illustrate this particular trend or phenomenon . <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” This  is<\/em> Creek Street . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

more correctly or fully expressed shall become<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” This section of roadway  is named<\/em> Creek Street . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” The object  is<\/em>  a table . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

more correctly or fully expressed shall become<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” The object here with the four protrusions  is called<\/em>  a table . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” He  is<\/em>  dead .”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

more correctly or fully expressed shall become<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” He  is<\/em>  now  termed<\/em>  dead . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” That  is<\/em>  an igneous rock . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

more correctly or fully expressed shall become<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” That rock  is classified<\/em>  igneous . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” That book  is<\/em>  a spy thriller . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

more correctly or fully expressed shall become<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” That book is<\/em> categorised<\/em>   a fictional spy thriller . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” The ant  is<\/em>  an insect . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

more correctly or fully expressed shall become<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” The ant  is classed<\/em>  an insect . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” Our home  is<\/em>  in Hurstville . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

more correctly or fully expressed shall become<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” Our home  is located<\/em> within the suburb of Hurstville . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” The beach  is<\/em> between the two rivers . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

more correctly or fully expressed shall become<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” The beach  is situated<\/em> on the east coastline between the two river heads . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” The long distance runner  is<\/em> towards the front of the field . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

more correctly or fully expressed shall become<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” The long distance runner  is positioned<\/em>  towards the front of the field . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” A complement of ten workers  is<\/em> the minimum requirement . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

more correctly or fully expressed shall become<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” A complement of ten workers  is deemed  <\/em>the minimum legal requirement . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” English  is<\/em>  both a clever language and the end language . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

more correctly or fully expressed shall become<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” English  is considered<\/em>  both a clever language and the end language . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En<\/em> <\/strong>d glish<\/em>  –<\/strong>  ” glish<\/em> ” does represent an archaic word meaning language<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In grammatical reality the word  ”  is<\/em>  ”  should mainly be used as an  auxiliary  verb<\/em> for there will mostly exis<\/strong>t a hidden verb used as qualification of  ”  is<\/em>”  or a word
or sentence rearrangement that will replace the use and function of  ”  is<\/em> “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THE  PLURAL  VERB   MANIA <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A verb may only be made plural by a preceding auxiliary however a disturbing trend has arisen whereby the  full verb is being written as a ” s<\/em> ” plural . This misusage does occur by an omission of the preceding auxiliary .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” The introduction of unnecessary restriction  makes<\/em>  life difficult . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

more correctly expressed will become<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” The introduction of unnecessary restriction  will make<\/em> life difficult . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THE  DOUBLE  SHUFFLE <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This now current phenomenon occurs when an action is either unnecessarily prefaced by the implied element of such action or an action is unnecessarily expressed using two full verbs instead of a single verb thereby needlessly creating phrasal verbs . <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” I will  attempt to<\/em>solve the problem . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

better expressed will become either<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” I will be  solving<\/em> the problem . ”  –  with the  attempt<\/em> element implied<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” I will  attempt<\/em> a solution of the problem . ”  –  with the  attempt<\/em> element expressed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” I  intend to<\/em><\/strong>  visit the library later today . “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

better expressed will become either<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” I  may<\/em>  visit the library later today . ”  –  with the intend<\/em> element implied<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” I  could be<\/em>  visiting the library later today . ”  –  with the  intend<\/em> element implied<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” I  should be<\/em>  visiting the library later today . ”  –  with the  intend<\/em> element implied<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” I  will<\/em> visit the library later today . ”  –  with the intend<\/em>element implied<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” I  will be<\/em> visiting the library later today . ”  –  with the  intend<\/em> element implied<\/p>\n\n\n\n

” I intend<\/em> a library visitation later today . ”  –  with the  intend<\/em>  element expressed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

want to <\/em> \/  like to  <\/em>\/  wish to<\/em>  –<\/strong>  lie in the same category and should likewise be avoided<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Note –  using two full verbs for a single action doth represent a contradiction<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THE  OPPOSITE  SHUFFLE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This phenomenon will arise when a negative opposite is used rather than the direct word .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Don’t forget<\/em> your bag . \u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

better expressed will become <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Remember<\/em> your bag . \u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

and fully expressd would become  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Remember ( to ) take your bag . \u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

but that would consequently form a  double shuffle<\/em>  so the implied verb is omitted
with the pre-emptive exclamation becoming the verb .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PLURAL  WORD  ERADICATION   <\/strong>( 28 – 05 – 2022 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plural is defined as   –  a word form that will indicate<\/em> more than one of a single thing<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However there does exist a better word arrangement that can replace pluralisation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

example  –  the O <\/strong>word ended fruit or vegetable   . . . . . .   avocado  \/  potato  \/  tomato<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

small ( loose ) quantity of such   . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

six avocado  \/  seven potato  \/  nine tomato <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

why use the unnecessary and illogical present pluralisation of   . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

six avocados or seven potatoes or nine tomatoes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

moderate quantity of such   . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a ( 24 ) tray of avocado  \/  a ( 20 kg ) bag of potato  \/  a ( 10 kg ) box of tomato<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

why use the unnecessary and illogical present pluralisation of   . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a ( 24 ) tray of avocados  \/  a ( 20 kg ) bag of potatoes  \/  a ( 10 kg ) box of tomatoes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

large quantity of such   . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

an avocado grove  \/  a potato field  \/  a tomato hot house<\/p>\n\n\n\n

or   . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a grove of avocado ( tree )  \/  a field of potato ( plant )  \/  a hot house of tomato ( plant )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

why use the unnecessary and illogical present pluralisation of   . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a grove of avocados  \/  a field of potatoes  \/  a hot house of tomatoes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

or   . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a grove of avocado trees  \/  a field of potato plants  \/  a hot house of tomato plants <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

unspecified time frame   . . . . . .   (  07 – 07 – 22  )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

that event did occur many a long year ago<\/p>\n\n\n\n

why pluralise the word  year <\/em> in the manner  . . . . . .   that event did occur many years ago <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This depicted grammar principle my be applied to many a single thing or almost anything <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The present word plural system does covertly uphold  –  disconnectedness from the whole<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PLANT  COMPILATION <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

the following plant identification list will show the scientific name and common name and full height and origin arranged from an Australian perspective<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Araucaria heterophylla \/ Norfolk Island Pine \/ 43 m , naturalised , endemic ( Norfolk Island ) Callistemon viminalis \/ Weeping Bottle Brush \/ 12 m , native
Melaleucu viminalis \/ Weeping Bottle Brush \/ 12 m , native
Cupaniopsis anacardioides \/ Tuckeroo \/ 13 m , native
Lophostemon confertus \/ Brush box \/ 25 m , native
Tristania conferta \/ botanical name of Lophostemon confertus before 1982 transference<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jacaranda acutifolia  \/ is stated as the name of Jacaranda mimosifolia by older sources  Jacaranda mimosifolia \/ Blue Jacaranda \/ 15 m , naturalised , Bolivia S  &  Argentina  NW
Platanus x hispanica \/ London Plane \/ 30 m , Spanish or English hybridization
Platanus x hybrida \/ London Plane Tree \/ 30 m, hybridisation \/ 3 x botanical names
Platanus x acerifolia ( London Plane ) 30 m , English or Spanish hybridization
Robinia pseudoacacia \u2018 Frisia \u2018 \/ Golden Robinia \/ 10 m , Dutch cultivar \/ 1935<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hydrangea macrophylla \/ Big Leaf Hydrangea \/ 2 m , SE Japan  & S China
Buxus microphylla \u2018 Japonica \u2018 \/ Japanese Box \/ 3 m , Japan
Lavandula dentata \/ French Lavender \/ 1.5 m , NW Africa & the Balearic Islands \/ Spain  Murraya paniculata \/ Orange Jessamine \/ 3 m , naturalised , SE  Asia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agapanthus praecox \/ Lily of the Nile \/ 1.5 m , naturalised , South Africa
Clivia miniata \/ Natal Lily \/ 45 cm , South Africa
Gazania rigens \/ Treasure Flower \/ 20 cm , naturalised , South Africa
Viola banksii \/ Australian Violet \/ 20 cm , native
Viola hederacea \/ Native Violet \/ 20 cm , native<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Howea forsteriana \/ Kentia Palm \/ 15 m , endemic \/ Lord Howe Island
Washingtonia filifera \/ Desert Fan Palm \/ 18 m , SW  USA  & NW  Mexico
Washingtonia robusta \/ Sky Duster Palm \/ 18 m , SW USA  & NW Mexico<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bougainvillea spectabilis \/ Great Bougainvillea \/ 12 m , Amazon rainforest – mainly Brazil
Wisteria floribunda \/ Japanese Wisteria \/ 9 m , Japan
Wisteria sinensis \/ Chinese Wisteria \/ 9 m , China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Petunia x atkinsiana \/ Petunia \/ 30 cm , naturalised , English hybridization in 1834
Petunia x hybrida \/ Petunia \/ 30 cm, naturalised , English hybridization in 1834
Tagetes erecta \/ French Marigold \/ 50 cm , Central Mexico<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asplenium australasicum \/ Birds Nest Fern \/ 1.5 m , native<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

GRASS  FEATURES   <\/strong>(  top to bottom  )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 )   seed  head  or  inflorescence  –  main<\/em>  i<\/strong>dentifier<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2 )   stem<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3 )   node<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4 )   leaf  blade  –  main<\/em> identifier<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5 )   collar  –  detailed<\/em>  identifier<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6 )   ligule  –  detailed<\/em> identifier<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7 )   auricle  –  detailed<\/em> identifier<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8 )   sheath<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9 )   crown<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10 )   stolon<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11 )   tiller<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12 )   rhizome<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13 )   fibrous  roots<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SEED  PROPAGATION <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Types of Seed Dormancy  –  post shedding<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Immature Embryo  &  Post Ripening<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impermeable Seed Coats –  preventing entry of water \/ gas \/ chemical<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tough Seed Coats –  providing mechanical embryo development resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Excessive Salts  –  halting continued embryo development<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chemical Inhibitors  –  inside fruit \/ in seed coat \/ in embryo  –  preventing germination<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Natural Ending of Seed Dormancy  –  increasing seed permeability<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Completion  –  of post ripening period<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Attainment  –  of full embryonic maturity<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mechanical  Abrasion  –  rupturing or weakening the seed coat<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Microbial  Action  –  weakening impermeable & tough seed coats<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Growth  Hormone  Production  –  counteracting chemical inhibitors<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heat  &  Light  &  Cold  –  inactivating or oxidizing chemical inhibitors<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Leaching  –  of chemical seed coat inhibitors & internal fruit inhibitors<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Digestive  Enzyme  Action  –  of fruit feeding animals  –  particularly birds<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NINTH<\/strong> <\/kbd>RULE<\/strong> <\/kbd>ARCHY<\/strong> <\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

patriarchy<\/em>  –  rule by men only <\/p>\n\n\n\n

matriarchy<\/em>  –  rule by women only <\/p>\n\n\n\n

monarchy<\/em>  –  rule by a single male or female of divine royal lineage <\/p>\n\n\n\n

diarchy<\/em>  –  rule by the two in a joint arrangement <\/p>\n\n\n\n

oligarchy<\/em>  –  rule by the few with class dominance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

heptarchy<\/em>  –  rule by the seven based upon a principle of the ideal number<\/p>\n\n\n\n

hegiarchy<\/em>  –  rule by the priesthood in an arranged and preordained holy order<\/p>\n\n\n\n

hierarchy<\/em>  –  rule by the small select graded and ranked group with control dominance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

anarchy<\/em>  –  rule by the many who limit the size of power structure and dominion <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

WORLD <\/kbd>ANIMAL <\/kbd>LONGEVITY<\/strong> <\/kbd>– <\/kbd>Average <\/kbd>Life <\/kbd>Span<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Salt Water Crocodile <\/kbd>( 70 years )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2 ) <\/kbd>Green Turtle <\/kbd>( 80 years )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3 ) <\/kbd>Blue Whale <\/kbd>( 90 years )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4 ) <\/kbd>Lake Sturgeon <\/kbd>( 117 years )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5 ) <\/kbd>Galapagos Giant Tortoise <\/kbd>( 125 years )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6 ) <\/kbd>Greenland Shark <\/kbd>( 272 years )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7 ) <\/kbd>Black Coral <\/kbd>( 2200 years )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8 ) <\/kbd>Immortal Jelly Fish <\/kbd>( biologically immortal – continuous regenerative capacity )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9 ) <\/kbd>Human Being <\/kbd>( biologically immortal – continuous cellular growth replacement )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

WORLD<\/strong> GEOGRAPHY   TRIVIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

note  –  all mentioned nations are the 193 member states of the United Nations 2021
note  –  there is only one generally recognised capital city of any given nation
note  –  there is only one name for a national general population group 
note  –  the sea is legally any part of the world interconnected surface salt water mass
note  –  there is only one global sea divided into four fully recognised named oceans
note  –  parenthesised after a nation or territory is its capital city or capital
note  –  parenthesised after a river is its nation of predominant flow 
note  –  parenthesised after a capital city is its continent 
note  –  parenthesised after a sea is its type
note  –  parenthesised after a harbour island is a close onshore suburb
note  –  parenthesised after a former harbour island is the suburb of its location
note  –  a marginal sea is an ocean division semi enclosed by land or submarine ridges
note  –  a mediterranean sea is an ocean arm almost completely enclosed by land mass
note  –  a contiguous sea is an open regional protrusion of an ocean into a land mass
note  –  a gyre sea is completely encircled and bounded by dynamic ocean currents
note  –  an antillean sea is primarily bounded and encircled by ocean island chains
note  –  Greenland is mostly covered by an ice sheet and may be 2 or 3 separate islands 
note  –  there are 43 landlocked nations so the other 150 nations do possess a coastline
note  –  Greenland and Antartica were excluded from the longest national coastlines          <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D  –  general population group in the Caribbean<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Dominican<\/em>  for  Dominica  ( Roseau )  
2 ) <\/kbd>Republic Dominican<\/em>  for  Dominican Republic  (  Santo Domingo ) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G  –  general population group in West Africa<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Guinean<\/em>  for  Guinea  ( Conakry )  
2 ) <\/kbd>Bissau Guinean<\/em>  for  Guinea Bissau  ( Bissau )
3 ) <\/kbd>Equatorial Guinean<\/em>  for  Equatorial Guinea  ( Malabo )  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Capital cities named by the addition of the word  City  after the name of the nation <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Djibouti 
2 ) <\/kbd>Guatemala 
3 ) <\/kbd>Kuwait 
4 ) <\/kbd>Luxemburg 
5 ) <\/kbd>Mexico 
6 ) <\/kbd>Panama  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Capital cities with the same name as the nation   . . . . . .  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Monaco  ( Europe ) 
2 ) <\/kbd>Singapore  ( Asia ) 
3 ) <\/kbd>San Marino  ( Europe )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nations landlocked within a single nation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Lesotho  ( Maseru )  within  South Africa 
2 ) <\/kbd>San Marino  ( San Marino )  within  Italy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Single   O   and  Q   and   Y   –   nations  (  all located in the Middle East  )   . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oman ( Muscat )      
Qatar ( Doha )  
Yemen ( San’a )  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saint  –  nations  ( all located in the Caribbean )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Saint Kitts and Nevis ( Basseterre )  
2 ) <\/kbd>Saint Lucia ( Castries )    
3 ) <\/kbd>Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ( Kingstown ) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mediterranean Sea  –  island nations   . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Malta ( Valletta )  
2 ) <\/kbd>Cyprus ( Nicosia )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z  –  nations   . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Zambia ( Lusaka )    
2 ) <\/kbd>Zimbabwe ( Harare )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F  –  nations   . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Fiji ( Suva )    
2 ) <\/kbd>Finland ( Helsinki )    
3 ) <\/kbd>France  ( Paris )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

H  –  nations   . . . . . . <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Haiti ( Port – au – Prince )    
2 ) <\/kbd>Honduras ( Tegucigalpa )    
3 ) <\/kbd>Hungary ( Budapest )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J  –  nations   . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Jamaica ( Kingston )  
2 ) <\/kbd>Japan ( Tokyo )   
3 ) <\/kbd>Jordon ( Amman )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V  –  nations   . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Vanuatu ( Port Vila )  
2 ) <\/kbd>Venezuela ( Caracas )   
3 ) <\/kbd>Vietnam ( Hanoi )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The  7  longest single named rivers   . . . . . . <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Nile River  ( Egypt )  
2 ) <\/kbd>Amazon River  ( Brazil ) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3 ) <\/kbd>Yangtze River  ( China )
4 ) <\/kbd>Hwang Ho River  ( China )
5 ) <\/kbd>Mekong River  ( Laos ) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

6 ) <\/kbd>Lena River  ( Russia )
7 ) <\/kbd>Congo River  ( Democratic Republic of the Congo )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The  4  largest named surface freshwater lakes by volume   . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 )  Lake Baikal  ( Asia )   tectonic lake   
2 )  Lake Tanganyika  ( Africa )   tectonic lake  
3 )  Lake Superior  ( North America )   glacial lake
4 )  Lake Malawi  ( Africa )   tectonic lake   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The  4  named oceans   . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Pacific Ocean
2 ) <\/kbd>Atlantic Ocean
3 ) <\/kbd>Indian Ocean
4 ) <\/kbd>Artic Ocean<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The  9  largest named seas   . . . . . . <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 )  Philippine Sea  ( marginal )
2 )  Coral Sea  ( marginal )
3 )  Arabian Sea  ( contiguous )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4 )  South China Sea  ( marginal )
5 )  Weddell Sea  ( contiguous ) 
6 )  Sargasso Sea  ( gyre ) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

7 )  Caribbean Sea  ( antillean )
8 )  Mediterranean Sea  ( mediterranean )
9 )  Tasman Sea  ( marginal )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The  9  longest mainland national coastlines  (  total world coastline   356 , 000  km  )  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 )  Canada   202 , 280  km   (  56 . 82  %  of world total coastline  )
2 )  Indonesia   54 , 716   km   (  15 . 37  %  of world total coastline  )
3 )  Russia   37 , 653   km   (  10 . 58  %  of total world coastline  )  
4 )  Philippines   36 , 289   km   (  9 . 35  %  of total world coastline  )
5 )  Japan   29 , 751   km   (  8 . 36  %  of total world coastline  )
6 )  Australia   25 , 760   km   (  7 . 24  %  of total world coastline  )
7 )  Norway   25 , 148   km   (  7 . 06  %  of total world coastline  )
8 )  USA   19 , 924   km   (  5 . 60  %  of total world coastline  )
9 )  New Zealand   15 , 134   km   (  4 . 25  %  of total world coastline  )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 The  9  nations with the most islands   . . . . . . <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 )  Norway   267 , 570
2 )  Sweden   239 , 057
3 )  Finland   178 , 947 
4 )  Canada   52 , 455
5 )   USA   18 , 617
6 )   Indonesia   17 , 504
7 )   Australia   8 , 222
8 )   Philippines   7 , 641
9 )   Japan   6 , 852 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The  9  generally recognised largest monoliths   . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 )   Uluru   (  Australia  )   sandstone  
2 )   Ben  Amera   (  Mauritania  )   gabbro
3 )   El  Capitan   (  USA  )   granite    
4 )   Pena  de  Bernal  or  Bernal  Peak   (  Mexico  )   dacite
5 )   Devils  Tower   (  USA  )   phonolite  &  porphyry
6 )   Sigiriya   (  Sri  Lanka  )   granite  
7 )   El  Penon  de  Guatape   (  Colombia  )   granite
8 )   Zuma  Rock   (  Nigeria  )   gabbro  &  granodiorite
9 )   Rock  of  Gibraltar   (  Gibraltar  –  UK  external territory  )   limestone  &  dolomite  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The  5  largest meteor craters   . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 )   Vredefort  Crater   (  South  Africa  )   300 km
2 )   Sudbury  Basin   (  Canada  )   250 km
3 )   Chicxulub  Crater   (  Mexico  )   180 km
4 )   Woodleigh  Crater <\/kbd>(  Australia  )   160 km   
5 )   Kara  Crater   (  Russia  )   120  km      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The  6  largest fully visible land islands   . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 )  New Guinea
2 )  Borneo
3 )  Madagascar
4 )  Baffin Island
5 )  Sumatra
6 )  Honshu<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The  7  largest nations by land area  –  including any external territory but not Antarctica<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 )  Russia  ( Moscow )
2 )  Canada  ( Ottawa ) 
3 )  China  ( Beijing )
4 )  USA  ( Washington DC )
5 )  Brazil  ( Brasilia )
6 )  Australia  ( Canberra )
7 )  India  ( New Delhi )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OTHER <\/kbd>WORLD<\/strong> <\/kbd>STATISTICAL <\/kbd>TRIVIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The  9  largest nations by population in ( January ) 2024 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>India <\/kbd>( New Delhi ) <\/kbd>1436 m
2 ) <\/kbd>China <\/kbd>( Beijing ) <\/kbd>1425 m
3 ) <\/kbd>USA <\/kbd>( Washington DC ) <\/kbd>341 m
4 ) <\/kbd>Indonesia <\/kbd>( Jakarta ) <\/kbd>278 m
5 ) <\/kbd>Pakistan <\/kbd>( Islamabad ) <\/kbd>243 m 
6 ) <\/kbd>Nigeria <\/kbd>( Abuja ) <\/kbd>226 m 
7 ) <\/kbd>Brazil <\/kbd>( Brasilia ) <\/kbd>217 m
8 ) <\/kbd>Bangladesh <\/kbd>( Dhaka ) <\/kbd>173 m
9 ) <\/kbd>Russia <\/kbd>( Moscow ) <\/kbd>144 m<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The  6  nations with the highest average life expectancy   (  2019  )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Japan   84 . 63   years
2 ) <\/kbd>Switzerland   83 . 78   years
3 ) <\/kbd>Singapore   83 . 62   years
4 ) <\/kbd>Spain   83 . 57   years
5 ) <\/kbd>Italy   83 . 51   years
6 ) <\/kbd>Australia   83 . 44   years       <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The  5  nations with no official language   (  2022  )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 )   USA
2 )   United  Kingdom
3 )   Australia
4 )   Costa  Rica
5 )   Eritrea <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The 9 World Nations with Nuclear Missiles ( 2020 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Russia ( 5977 )
2 ) <\/kbd>USA ( 5428 )
3 ) <\/kbd>China ( 350 )
4 ) <\/kbd>France ( 290 )
5 ) <\/kbd>UK ( 225 )
6 ) <\/kbd>Pakistan ( 165 )
7 ) <\/kbd>India ( 160 )
8 ) <\/kbd>Israel ( 90 )
9 ) <\/kbd>North Korea ( 20 to 43 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Host Nations of USA Nuclear Missiles <\/kbd>( November 2009 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Italy <\/kbd>( 70 )
2 ) <\/kbd>Belgium <\/kbd>( 20 )
3 ) <\/kbd>Germany <\/kbd>( 20 )<\/kbd>
4 ) <\/kbd>Netherlands <\/kbd>( 20 )
5 ) <\/kbd>Turkiye <\/kbd>( 20 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Host Nations of Russian Nuclear Missiles <\/kbd>( August 2023 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Belarus <\/kbd>( 130 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Host Nations of British Nuclear Missiles <\/kbd>( unofficial )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Australia ( at least 20 between 1998 to 1999 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Immigrant World Nations ( 2019 ) by population percentage born elsewhere<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>United Arab Emirates <\/kbd>( 87.9 % )
2 ) <\/kbd>Qatar <\/kbd>( 78.7 % )
4 ) <\/kbd>Luxembourg <\/kbd>( 47.4 % )
5 ) <\/kbd>Oman <\/kbd>( 46 % )
6 ) <\/kbd>Bahrain <\/kbd>( 45.2 % )
7 ) <\/kbd>Saudi Arabia <\/kbd>( 38.3 % )
8 ) <\/kbd>Singapore <\/kbd>( 37.1 % )
9 ) <\/kbd>Jordon <\/kbd>( 33.1 % )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Racially Diverse World Nations ( 2023 ) by differing language<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Uganda <\/kbd>( 93.02 % )
2 ) <\/kbd>Liberia <\/kbd>( 90.84 % )
3 ) <\/kbd>Madagascar <\/kbd>( 87.91 % )
4 ) <\/kbd>Democratic Republic of the Congo <\/kbd>( 87.47 % )
5 ) <\/kbd>Republic of the Congo <\/kbd>( 87.47 % )
6 ) <\/kbd>Cameroon <\/kbd>( 86.35 % )
7 ) <\/kbd>Chad <\/kbd>( 86.20 % )
8 ) <\/kbd>Kenya <\/kbd>( 85.88 % )
9 ) <\/kbd>Nigeria <\/kbd>( 85.05 % )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Racially Homogeneous World Nations ( 2023 ) by same language<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>North Korea <\/kbd>( 99.8 % )
2 ) <\/kbd>South Korea <\/kbd>( 99.6 % )
3 ) <\/kbd>Japan <\/kbd>( 98.8 % )
4 ) <\/kbd>Tunisia <\/kbd>( 96.1 % )
5 ) <\/kbd>Portugal <\/kbd>( 96 % )
6 ) <\/kbd>Italy <\/kbd>( 96 % )
7 ) <\/kbd>Poland <\/kbd>( 95.3 % )
8 ) <\/kbd>Greece <\/kbd>( 94.1 % )
9 ) <\/kbd>Netherlands <\/kbd>( 92.3 % )

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

World Languages ( 2022 ) by total number of speakers as 1st or 2nd language<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>English <\/kbd>( 1.452 billion )
2 ) <\/kbd>Mandarin <\/kbd>( 1.118 billion )
3 ) <\/kbd>Hindi <\/kbd>( 602.2 million )
4 ) <\/kbd>Spanish <\/kbd>( 548.3 million )
5 ) <\/kbd>French <\/kbd>( 274.1 million )
6 ) <\/kbd>Arabic <\/kbd>( 274.0 million )
7 ) <\/kbd>Bengali <\/kbd>( 272.7 million )
8 ) <\/kbd>Russian <\/kbd>( 258.2 million )
9 ) <\/kbd>Portuguese <\/kbd>( 257.7 million )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

WORLD <\/kbd>SPECIFIC <\/kbd>TRIVIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

European nations which are not using the Euro dollar ( April 2024 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Bulgaria – lev<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2 ) <\/kbd>Czech Republic – koruna<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3 ) <\/kbd>Denmark – krone<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4 ) <\/kbd>Hungary – forint<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5 ) <\/kbd>Poland – zloty<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6 ) <\/kbd>Romania – leu<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7 ) <\/kbd>Sweden – krona<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

AUSTRALIAN   GEOGRAPHY   TRIVIA  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The  4  named seas which partially surround Australia   . . . . . . .
( clockwise from North to East )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Timor Sea  ( marginal  to the  Indian Ocean )  
2 ) <\/kbd>Arafura Sea  ( marginal to the Pacific Ocean )  
3 ) <\/kbd>Coral Sea  ( marginal  to the  Pacific Ocean )  
4 ) <\/kbd>Tasman Sea  ( marginal to the Pacific Ocean )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The  3  internal mainland territories of Australia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 )  Australian Capital Territory  (  Canberra  )
2 )  Jervis Bay Territory  (  Jervis Bay Village  )
3 )  Northern Territory  (  Darwin  )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The  5  external island territories of Australia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 )  Ashmore and Cartier Islands  (  none  ) <\/kbd>unihabited
2 )  Christmas Island  (  Flying Fish Cove  )
3 )  Cocos ( Keeling ) Islands  (  West Island  )
4 )  Coral Sea Islands  (  Willis Island  )
5 )  Heard Island and McDonald Islands  (  Atlas Cove  ) <\/kbd>no permanent population<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one external semi autonomous island territory of Australia<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 )  Norfolk Island  (  Kingston  )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The<\/em> one<\/em> external mainland territory of Australia<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 )  Australian Antarctic Territory  (  Davis Station  ) <\/kbd>permanent temporary population<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The  7  nations which have made territorial claims in Antarctica<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 )  Australia  
2 )  Norway
3 )  New Zealand
4 )  France
5 )  United Kingdom  (  overlapping territorial claim  )
6 )  Argentina  (  overlapping territorial claim  )  
7 )  Chile  (  overlapping territorial claim  )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nations which have permanent research facilities in the Australian Antarctic Territory <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Australia <\/kbd>(  Casey in 1988 \/  Davis in 1957  \/  Mawson in 1954  )
2 ) <\/kbd>China <\/kbd>(  Zhong Shan in 1989  ) 
3 ) <\/kbd>France and Italy <\/kbd>(  Concordia in 2005  ) 
4 ) <\/kbd>India <\/kbd>(  Bharati in 2012  )
5 ) <\/kbd>Russia <\/kbd>(  Progress in 1988 \/ Mirny in 1956 \/ Vostok in 1957 ) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

total land area of Antarctica is approximately  14 , 000 , 000  sq  km <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Australian land area of Antarctica is  5 , 896 ,  500  sq  km  –  approximately  42  percent<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Australian mainland and external territory land area is  7 , 692 , 024  sq  km<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Australian total land area including Antarctica is  13 , 588 , 524  sq  km<\/p>\n\n\n\n

World total land area is  148 , 940 , 000  sq  km<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Australian total of world land area is  5 . 165  percent  without  Antarctica<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Australian total of world land area is  9 . 123  percent  with  Antarctica<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Russian total of world land area is  10 . 995  percent <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Australian total of world land area with Antarctica is 2nd largest after Russia <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Notable <\/kbd>Australian <\/kbd>State <\/kbd>and <\/kbd>Territory <\/kbd>Sea <\/kbd>Islands <\/kbd>( clockwise ) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.  

01 ) <\/kbd>Lord Howe Island <\/kbd>( New South Wales ) <\/kbd>Lord Howe Group <\/kbd>( 28 ) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

02 ) <\/kbd>Macquarie Island <\/kbd>( Tasmania )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

03 ) <\/kbd>Flinders Island \/ Cape Barren Island \/ Clarke Island  ( Tas ) <\/kbd>Fumeaux Group <\/kbd>( 100 ? )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

04 ) <\/kbd>King Island <\/kbd>( Tasmania ) <\/kbd>New Year Group <\/kbd>( 3 ) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

05 ) <\/kbd>Kangaroo Island <\/kbd>( South Australia ) <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

06 ) <\/kbd>Woody Island <\/kbd>( Western Australia ) <\/kbd>Recherche Archipelago <\/kbd>( 105 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

07 ) <\/kbd>Rottnest Island <\/kbd>( Western Australia )  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

08 ) <\/kbd>Barrow Island <\/kbd>( Western Australia ) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

09 ) <\/kbd>Hermite Island \/ Trimouille Island  ( Western Australia ) <\/kbd>Monte Bello Islands <\/kbd>( 174 ? )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10 ) <\/kbd>Dolphin Island <\/kbd>( Western Australia ) <\/kbd>Dampier Archipelago <\/kbd>( 42 ) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

11 ) <\/kbd>Bathurst Island \/ Melville Island <\/kbd>( Northern Territory )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12 ) <\/kbd>Bickerton Island \/ Groot Eiland <\/kbd>( Northern Territory ) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

13 ) <\/kbd>Mornington Island <\/kbd>( Queensland ) <\/kbd>Wellesley Group <\/kbd>( 22 ) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

14 ) <\/kbd>Muralag Island \/ Thursday Island <\/kbd>( Queensland ) <\/kbd>Torres Strait Islands <\/kbd>( 274 ) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

15 ) <\/kbd>Lizard Island <\/kbd>( Queensland <\/kbd>– <\/kbd>Munburra ) <\/kbd>Lizard Group <\/kbd>( 4 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16 ) <\/kbd>High Island <\/kbd>( Queensland <\/kbd>– <\/kbd>Fishery Falls ) <\/kbd>Frankland Group <\/kbd>( 5 ) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

17 ) <\/kbd>Dunk Island <\/kbd>( Queensland <\/kbd>– <\/kbd>Tully ) <\/kbd>Family Islands <\/kbd>( 9 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18 ) <\/kbd>Great Palm Island <\/kbd>( Queensland <\/kbd>– <\/kbd>Ingham ) <\/kbd>Palm Islands <\/kbd>( 16 ) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

19 ) <\/kbd>Magnetic Island <\/kbd>( Queensland <\/kbd>– <\/kbd>Townsville )   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

20 ) <\/kbd>Whitsunday Island <\/kbd>( Queensland <\/kbd>– <\/kbd>Proserpine ) <\/kbd>The Whitsundays <\/kbd>(74 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21 ) <\/kbd>Great Keppel Island <\/kbd>( Queensland <\/kbd>– <\/kbd>Yeppoon ) <\/kbd>Keppel Group <\/kbd>( 18 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

note <\/kbd>– <\/kbd>the question mark after a total island number does represent an approximation
note <\/kbd>– <\/kbd>the listed islands of the Great Barrier Reef show the nearby town or locality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Notable <\/kbd>Coastal <\/kbd>Rivers <\/kbd>of <\/kbd>Mainland <\/kbd>Australia <\/kbd>( clockwise )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

New South Wales<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

01 ) <\/kbd>Tweed River <\/kbd>( 78 km ) <\/kbd>Tweed Heads<\/p>\n\n\n\n

02 ) <\/kbd>Richmond River <\/kbd>( 394 km ) <\/kbd>Ballina<\/p>\n\n\n\n

03 ) <\/kbd>Clarence River <\/kbd>( 394 km ) <\/kbd>Yamba<\/p>\n\n\n\n

04 ) <\/kbd>Hastings River <\/kbd>( 180 km ) <\/kbd>Port Macquarie<\/p>\n\n\n\n

05 ) <\/kbd>Manning River <\/kbd>( 261 km ) <\/kbd>Harrington <\/kbd>& <\/kbd>Old Bar <\/kbd>( Double Delta )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

06 ) <\/kbd>Hunter River <\/kbd>( 300 km ) <\/kbd>Newcastle<\/p>\n\n\n\n

07 ) <\/kbd>Hawkesbury River <\/kbd>( 120 km ) <\/kbd>Broken Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

08 ) <\/kbd>Hacking River <\/kbd>( 26 km ) <\/kbd>Port Hacking<\/p>\n\n\n\n

09 ) <\/kbd>Shoalhaven River <\/kbd>( 327 km ) <\/kbd>Nowra<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10 ) <\/kbd>Clyde River <\/kbd>( 102 km ) <\/kbd>Batemans Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11 ) <\/kbd>Moruya River <\/kbd>( 19 km ) <\/kbd>Moruya Heads<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13 ) <\/kbd>Tuross River <\/kbd>( 147 km ) <\/kbd>Bodalla<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14 ) <\/kbd>Bega River <\/kbd>( 48 km ) <\/kbd>Tathra<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Victoria<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

01 ) <\/kbd>Towamba River <\/kbd>( 86 km ) <\/kbd>Boydtown<\/p>\n\n\n\n

02 ) <\/kbd>Genoa River <\/kbd>( 95 km ) <\/kbd>Gypsy Point<\/p>\n\n\n\n

03 ) <\/kbd>Wingam River <\/kbd>( 49 km) <\/kbd>Wingam Inlet<\/p>\n\n\n\n

04 ) <\/kbd>Thurra River <\/kbd>( 71 km) <\/kbd>Point Hicks<\/p>\n\n\n\n

05 ) <\/kbd>Cann River <\/kbd>( 102 km ) <\/kbd>Tamboon Inlet<\/p>\n\n\n\n

06 ) <\/kbd>Bemm River <\/kbd>( 58 km ) <\/kbd>Bemm River<\/p>\n\n\n\n

07 ) <\/kbd>Snowy River <\/kbd>( 352 km ) <\/kbd>Marlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n

08 ) <\/kbd>Aire River <\/kbd>( 40 km ) <\/kbd>Cape Otway<\/p>\n\n\n\n

09 ) <\/kbd>Gellibrand River <\/kbd>( 96 km ) <\/kbd>Princetown<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10 ) <\/kbd>Curdies River <\/kbd>( 66 km ) <\/kbd>Peterborough<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11 ) <\/kbd>Moyne River <\/kbd>( 82 km ) <\/kbd>Port Fairy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12 ) <\/kbd>Fitzroy River <\/kbd>( 58 km ) <\/kbd>Tyrendarra<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13 ) <\/kbd>Surrey River <\/kbd>( 46 km ) <\/kbd>Narrawong<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14 ) <\/kbd>Glenelg River <\/kbd>( 350 km ) <\/kbd>Nelson<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

South Australia <\/kbd>( no significant coastal rivers )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Western Australia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

i ) <\/kbd>Goldfields Esperance Region<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

01 ) <\/kbd>Lort River <\/kbd>( 130 km ) <\/kbd>Stokes Inlet<\/p>\n\n\n\n

02 ) <\/kbd>Young River <\/kbd>( 95 km ) <\/kbd>Stokes Inlet<\/p>\n\n\n\n

03 ) <\/kbd>Oldfield River <\/kbd>( 95 km ) <\/kbd>Oldfield Estuary<\/p>\n\n\n\n

04 ) <\/kbd>Phillips River <\/kbd>( 120 km ) <\/kbd>Culham Inlet<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ii ) <\/kbd>Great Southern Region<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

05 ) <\/kbd>Hamersley River <\/kbd>( 40 km ) <\/kbd>Hamersley Inlet<\/p>\n\n\n\n

06 ) <\/kbd>Fitzgerald River <\/kbd>( 80 km ) <\/kbd>Fitzgerald Inlet<\/p>\n\n\n\n

07 ) <\/kbd>Gairdner River <\/kbd>( 130 km ) <\/kbd>Gordon Inlet<\/p>\n\n\n\n

08 ) <\/kbd>Bremer River <\/kbd>( 70 km ) <\/kbd>Bremer Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

09 ) <\/kbd>Pallinup River <\/kbd>( 250 km ) <\/kbd>Beaufort Inlet<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10 ) <\/kbd>Kalgan River <\/kbd>( 140 km ) <\/kbd>Oyster Harbour <\/kbd>( Albany )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11 ) <\/kbd>Hay River <\/kbd>( 80 km ) <\/kbd>Wilson Inlet<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12 ) <\/kbd>Denmark River <\/kbd>( 60 km ) <\/kbd>Denmark<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13 ) <\/kbd>Kent River <\/kbd>( 140 km ) <\/kbd>Irwin Inlet<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14 ) <\/kbd>Frankland River <\/kbd>( 162 km ) <\/kbd>Nornalup<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15 ) <\/kbd>Shannon River <\/kbd>( 65 km ) <\/kbd>Broke Inlet<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

iii ) <\/kbd>South West Region<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16 ) <\/kbd>Warren River <\/kbd>( 137 km ) <\/kbd>Warren Beach<\/p>\n\n\n\n

17 ) <\/kbd>Donnelly River <\/kbd>( 151 km ) <\/kbd>between <\/kbd>Black Point <\/kbd>& <\/kbd>Warren Beach<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18 ) <\/kbd>Blackwood River <\/kbd>( 300 km ) <\/kbd>Hardy Inlet <\/kbd>( Augusta )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

19 ) <\/kbd>Margaret River <\/kbd>( 60 km ) <\/kbd>Prevelly<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

iv ) <\/kbd>Peel Region<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20 ) <\/kbd>Murray River <\/kbd>( 134 km ) <\/kbd>Peel Inlet<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21 ) <\/kbd>Serpentine River <\/kbd>( 111 km ) <\/kbd>Peel Inlet<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

v ) <\/kbd>Perth Metropolitan Region<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

22 ) <\/kbd>Swan River <\/kbd>( 72 km ) <\/kbd>Fremantle <\/kbd>( Perth )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

vi ) <\/kbd>Wheatbelt Region<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

23 ) <\/kbd>Moore River <\/kbd>( 193 km ) <\/kbd>Guilderton<\/p>\n\n\n\n

24 ) <\/kbd>Hill River <\/kbd>( 86 km ) <\/kbd>between <\/kbd>Jurien Bay <\/kbd>& <\/kbd>Thirsty Point<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

vii ) <\/kbd>Mid West Region<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

25 ) <\/kbd>Irwin River <\/kbd>( 140 km ) <\/kbd>Dongara<\/p>\n\n\n\n

26 ) <\/kbd>Greenough River <\/kbd>( 340 km ) <\/kbd>Cape Burney<\/p>\n\n\n\n

27 ) <\/kbd>Chapman River <\/kbd>( 105 km ) <\/kbd>Bluff Point <\/kbd>( Geraldton )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

28 ) <\/kbd>Hutt River <\/kbd>( 60 km ) <\/kbd>Broken Anchor Bay <\/kbd>( Port Gregory )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

29 ) <\/kbd>Murchison River <\/kbd>( 820 km ) <\/kbd>Kalbarri<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

viii ) <\/kbd>Gascoyne Region<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

30 ) <\/kbd>Gascoyne River <\/kbd>( 865 km ) <\/kbd>Carnarvon<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

vix ) <\/kbd>Pilbara Region<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

31 ) <\/kbd>Ashburton River <\/kbd>( 680 km ) <\/kbd>Old Onslow <\/kbd>( Onslow )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

32 ) <\/kbd>Cane River <\/kbd>( 168 km ) <\/kbd>Yardie Landing<\/p>\n\n\n\n

33 ) <\/kbd>Robe River <\/kbd>( 276 km ) <\/kbd>Robe Point<\/p>\n\n\n\n

34 ) <\/kbd>Fortescue River <\/kbd>( 760 km ) <\/kbd>James Point <\/kbd>( Mardie Station )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

35 ) <\/kbd>Maitland River <\/kbd>( 92 km ) <\/kbd>Regnard Bay <\/kbd>( Dampier )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

36 ) <\/kbd>Harding River <\/kbd>( 150 km ) <\/kbd>Cossack <\/kbd>( Karratha )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

37 ) <\/kbd>Sherlock River <\/kbd>( 393 km ) <\/kbd>Sherlock Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

38 ) <\/kbd>Yule River <\/kbd>( 190 km ) <\/kbd>Cape Thouin<\/p>\n\n\n\n

39 ) <\/kbd>Turner River <\/kbd>( 236 km ) <\/kbd>Boodarie Station <\/kbd>( Port Hedland )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

40 ) <\/kbd>De Grey River <\/kbd>( 193 km ) <\/kbd>Breaker Inlet<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

x ) <\/kbd>Kimberley Region<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

41 ) <\/kbd>Fitzroy River <\/kbd>( 733 km ) <\/kbd>King Sound <\/kbd>( Derby )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

42 ) <\/kbd>Roe River <\/kbd>( 66 km ) <\/kbd>Prince Frederick Harbour<\/p>\n\n\n\n

43 ) <\/kbd>Mitchell River <\/kbd>( 117 km ) <\/kbd>Walmsley Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

44 ) <\/kbd>King Edward River <\/kbd>( 221 km ) <\/kbd>Honeymoon Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

45 ) <\/kbd>Drysdale River <\/kbd>( 432 km ) <\/kbd>Napier Broome Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

46 ) <\/kbd>King George River <\/kbd>( 112 km ) <\/kbd>Koolama Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

47 ) <\/kbd>Berkeley River <\/kbd>( 135 km ) <\/kbd>Cape Saint Lambert<\/p>\n\n\n\n

48 ) <\/kbd>Durack River <\/kbd>( 306 km ) <\/kbd>Cambridge Gulf <\/kbd>– <\/kbd>Wyndham <\/p>\n\n\n\n

49 ) <\/kbd>Ord River <\/kbd>( 651 km ) <\/kbd>Cambridge Gulf <\/kbd>– <\/kbd>Wyndham<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Northern Territory<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

01 ) <\/kbd>Keep River <\/kbd>( 258 km ) <\/kbd>Joseph Bonaparte Gulf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

02 ) <\/kbd>Victoria River <\/kbd>( 560 km ) <\/kbd>Queens Channel<\/p>\n\n\n\n

03 ) <\/kbd>Moyle River <\/kbd>( 133 km ) <\/kbd>Hyland Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

04 ) <\/kbd>Daly River <\/kbd>( 354 km ) <\/kbd>Anson Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

05 ) <\/kbd>Reynolds River <\/kbd>( 130 km – estimate ) <\/kbd>Anson Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

06 ) <\/kbd>Finniss River <\/kbd>( 90 km – estimate ) <\/kbd>Fog Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

07 ) <\/kbd>Adelaide River <\/kbd>( 238 km ) <\/kbd>Adam Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

08 ) <\/kbd>Mary River <\/kbd>( 225 km ) <\/kbd>Chambers Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

09 ) <\/kbd>Wildman River <\/kbd>( 98 km ) <\/kbd>Finke Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10 ) <\/kbd>West Alligator River <\/kbd>( 80 km ) <\/kbd>Van Diemen Gulf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11 ) <\/kbd>South Alligator River <\/kbd>( 160 km ) <\/kbd>Van Diemen Gulf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12 ) <\/kbd>East Alligator River <\/kbd>( 160 km ) <\/kbd>Van Diemen Gulf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13 ) <\/kbd>Goomadeer River <\/kbd>( 138 km ) <\/kbd>Junction Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14 ) <\/kbd>Liverpool River <\/kbd>( 138 km ) <\/kbd>Maningrida<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15 ) <\/kbd>Blyth River <\/kbd>( 175 km ) <\/kbd>Boucaut Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16 ) <\/kbd>Koolatong River <\/kbd>( 92 km ) <\/kbd>Jalma Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

17 ) <\/kbd>Walker River <\/kbd>( 119 km ) <\/kbd>Blue Mud Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18 ) <\/kbd>Roper River <\/kbd>( 1010 km ) <\/kbd>Port Roper <\/kbd>– <\/kbd>Limmen Bight <\/p>\n\n\n\n

19 ) <\/kbd>Limmen Bight River <\/kbd>( 105 km estimate ) <\/kbd>Limmen Bight<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20 ) <\/kbd>Rosie River <\/kbd>( 76 km ) <\/kbd>Rosie Creek Fishing Camp<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21 ) <\/kbd>Mc Arthur River <\/kbd>( 521 km ) <\/kbd>Port Mc Arthur<\/p>\n\n\n\n

22 ) <\/kbd>Robertson River <\/kbd>( 215 km ) <\/kbd>Gulf of Carpentaria<\/p>\n\n\n\n

23 ) <\/kbd>Calvert River <\/kbd>( 222 km ) <\/kbd>Gulf of Carpentaria<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Queensland<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

01 ) <\/kbd>Leichhardt River <\/kbd>( 630 km ) <\/kbd>Kangaroo Point<\/p>\n\n\n\n

02 ) <\/kbd>Flinders River <\/kbd>( 1004 km ) <\/kbd>Gulf of Carpentaria<\/p>\n\n\n\n

03 ) <\/kbd>Norman River <\/kbd>( 420 km ) <\/kbd>Karumba<\/p>\n\n\n\n

04 ) <\/kbd>Mitchell River <\/kbd>( 750 km ) <\/kbd>Wallaby Island<\/p>\n\n\n\n

05 ) <\/kbd>Holroyd River <\/kbd>( 325 km ) <\/kbd>Kulinchin Outstation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

06 ) <\/kbd>Embley River <\/kbd>( 54 km ) <\/kbd>Napranum<\/p>\n\n\n\n

07 ) <\/kbd>Mission River <\/kbd>( 37 km ) <\/kbd>Weipa<\/p>\n\n\n\n

08 ) <\/kbd>Wenlock River <\/kbd>( 322 km ) <\/kbd>Mapoon<\/p>\n\n\n\n

09 ) <\/kbd>Jardine River <\/kbd>( 162 km ) <\/kbd>Van Spoult Head<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10 ) <\/kbd>Lockhart River <\/kbd>( 36 km ) <\/kbd>Lloyd Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11 ) <\/kbd>Stewart River <\/kbd>( 96 km ) <\/kbd>Port Stewart<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12 ) <\/kbd>North Kennedy River <\/kbd>( 188 km ) <\/kbd>Princess Charlotte Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13 ) <\/kbd>Normanby River <\/kbd>( 350 km ) <\/kbd>Princess Charlotte Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14 ) <\/kbd>Jeannie River <\/kbd>( 43 km ) <\/kbd>Murdock Point<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15 ) <\/kbd>Tully River <\/kbd>( 133 km ) <\/kbd>Tully Heads<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16 ) <\/kbd>Herbert River <\/kbd>( 288 km ) <\/kbd>Halifax<\/p>\n\n\n\n

17 ) <\/kbd>Haughton River <\/kbd>( 110 km ) <\/kbd>Bowling Green Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18 ) <\/kbd>Burdekin River <\/kbd>( 886 km ) <\/kbd>Upstart Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

19 ) <\/kbd>Don River <\/kbd>( 60 km ) <\/kbd>Bowen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20 ) <\/kbd>Proserpine River <\/kbd>( 69 km ) <\/kbd>Repulse Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21 ) <\/kbd>Fitzroy River <\/kbd>( 480 km ) <\/kbd>Keppel Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

22 ) <\/kbd>Burnett River <\/kbd>( 435 km ) <\/kbd>Burnett Heads<\/p>\n\n\n\n

23 ) <\/kbd>Burram River <\/kbd>( 31 km ) <\/kbd>Burram Heads<\/p>\n\n\n\n

24 ) <\/kbd>Mary River <\/kbd>( 291 km ) <\/kbd>River Heads<\/p>\n\n\n\n

25 ) <\/kbd>Noosa River <\/kbd>( 60 km ) <\/kbd>Noosa Heads<\/p>\n\n\n\n

26 ) <\/kbd>Brisbane River <\/kbd>( 344 km ) <\/kbd>Moreton Bay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

27 ) <\/kbd>Coomera River <\/kbd>( 80 km ) <\/kbd>Gold Coast Broadwater<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The  8  islands of Sydney Harbour  –  outer to inner <\/p>\n\n\n\n

east of Sydney Harbour Bridge   . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 )  Shark Island  ( Rose Bay )   National Park   ( 1 . 5 ha )
2 )  Clark Island  ( Double Bay )  National Park   ( 0 . 9 ha )  
3 )  Fort Denison  ( Kirribilli )  National Park  –  NSW Heritage  (  estimate  0 . 45 ha )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

west of Sydney Harbour Bridge   . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4 )  Goat Island  ( Balmain East )  National Park  –  NSW Heritage   ( 5 . 9 ha )
5 )  Cockatoo Island  ( Birchgrove ) Harbour Trust  –  World Heritage   ( 17 . 9 ha )    
6 )  Spectacle Island  ( Drummoyne )  Commonwealth Naval Heritage   ( estimate  2 . 6 ha )
7 )  Snapper Island  ( Drummoyne )   Australian Navy   ( 1 . 65 ha )  
8 )  Rodd Island  ( Five Dock )   National Park   ( 0 . 67 ha ) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The  6  former islands of Sydney Harbour  –  outer to inner<\/p>\n\n\n\n

east of Sydney Harbour Bridge   . . . . . . <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 )  Garden Island  ( City of Sydney locality )  Commonwealth Naval Heritage  
2 )  Bennelong Island ( Sydney CBD )  Opera House  –  World Heritage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

west of Sydney Harbour Bridge   . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3 )  Darling Island  ( Pyrmont ) 
4 )  Glebe Island  ( Rozelle )
5 )  Berry Island  ( Wollstonecraft )  Berry Island Reserve
6 )  Dawes Island –  unnamed<\/em> 2nd island thereof  –  both now Spectacle Island   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OTHER<\/strong> <\/kbd>AUSTRALIAN<\/strong> <\/kbd>TRIVIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ethnic Languages spoken in Australia ( 2021 Census )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Mandarin ( 23.2 % )
2 ) <\/kbd>Arabic ( 12.4 % )
3 ) <\/kbd>Vietnamese ( 10.9 % )
4 ) <\/kbd>Cantonese ( 10 % )
5 ) <\/kbd>Punjabi ( 8.1 % )
6 ) <\/kbd>Greek ( 7.8 % )
7 ) <\/kbd>Italian ( 7.7 % )
8 ) <\/kbd>Filipino ( 7.5 % )
9 ) <\/kbd>Hindi ( 6.7 % )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ANIMAL <\/kbd>TRIVIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

basic animal classification<\/p>\n\n\n\n

. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Mammal <\/kbd>– <\/kbd>human \/ dog \/ cat \/ dolphin \/ whale \/ monkey \/ kangaroo \/ horse \/ cow
2 ) <\/kbd>Bird <\/kbd>– <\/kbd>song bird \/ chicken \/ duck \/ eagle \/ hawk \/ vulture \/ emu \/ ostrich \/ gull
3 ) <\/kbd>Reptile <\/kbd>– <\/kbd>snake \/ lizard \/ turtle \/ tortoise \/ alligator \/ crocodile
4 ) <\/kbd>Amphibian <\/kbd>– <\/kbd>frog \/ toad \/ newt \/ salamander \/ caecilian
5 ) <\/kbd>Fish <\/kbd>– <\/kbd>shark \/ tuna \/ salmon \/ trout \/ carp \/ bream \/ cod \/ mackerel \/ mullet \/ anchovy
6 ) <\/kbd>Invertebrate <\/kbd>( no backbone ) <\/kbd>largest category <\/kbd>( 85 % are arthropods )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arthropods <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Protozoans <\/kbd>\u2013 <\/kbd>single cell organisms <\/kbd>( such as <\/kbd>– <\/kbd>amoebas and paramecia )
2 ) <\/kbd>Annelids <\/kbd>\u2013 <\/kbd>earthworm , leech
3 ) <\/kbd>Echinoderms <\/kbd>\u2013 <\/kbd>sea star , sea urchin , sea cucumber
6 ) <\/kbd>Mollusks <\/kbd>\u2013 <\/kbd>octopus , squid , snail , slug , clam
7 ) <\/kbd>Arthropods <\/kbd>\u2013 <\/kbd>insects , spiders , crustaceans <\/kbd>( such as <\/kbd>– <\/kbd>shrimp , crab , lobster )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No brain animals<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

01 ) <\/kbd>Clam<\/p>\n\n\n\n

02 ) <\/kbd>comb jelly fish <\/kbd>( ctenophore )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

03 ) <\/kbd>Coral<\/p>\n\n\n\n

04 ) <\/kbd>earth worm<\/p>\n\n\n\n

05 ) <\/kbd>jelly fish <\/kbd>( medusa )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

06 ) <\/kbd>lancet fish<\/p>\n\n\n\n

07 ) <\/kbd>Leech<\/p>\n\n\n\n

08 ) <\/kbd>Oyster<\/p>\n\n\n\n

09 ) <\/kbd>Portuguese man o\u2019 war <\/kbd>or <\/kbd>blue bottle <\/kbd>( siphonophore )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10 ) <\/kbd>Sea anemone<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11 ) <\/kbd>Sea cucumber<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12 ) <\/kbd>Sea lily <\/kbd>or <\/kbd>crinoid<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13 ) <\/kbd>Sea sponge<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14 ) <\/kbd>Sea squirt <\/kbd>( ascidian )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15 ) <\/kbd>Sea star <\/kbd>or <\/kbd>star fish<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16 ) <\/kbd>Sea urchin<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cartilaginous Fish <\/kbd>( no bone ) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 ) <\/kbd>Shark<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2 ) <\/kbd>Ray<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3 ) <\/kbd>saw fish<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4 ) <\/kbd>Skate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REVELATION <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything in this existence  is manifested<\/em>  by thought which  shall be governed<\/em>  by words<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All words will contain a legalistic element ( law ) and a philosophical element ( lore )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

. Prelude  –  Earthly  Awakening The correct voting method for determining the preferred election candidate hasbeen revealed by the Federal Electorate of Cook during 2010 and 2013 therebycreating Legalistic Edwina the practical companion of Philosophical Edwina It is termed the  Natural  Law  of  Elections –  see Election Petition 2013   part B Regality  –  Earthly  Divinity Law is a phenomenon arising from … Continue reading Legalistic Edwina<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-355","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.graemestrang.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/355","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.graemestrang.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.graemestrang.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.graemestrang.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.graemestrang.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=355"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.graemestrang.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/355\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.graemestrang.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=355"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}